Electric Vehicles in Africa Drive Ethiopia’s Transport Change
Electric vehicles in Africa are growing quickly, with Ethiopia leading the shift as rising fuel prices and shortages push countries toward cheaper and cleaner transport options.
Africa imported 44,358 electric vehicles from China in 2025, according to China’s Commerce Ministry. This is a sharp rise from 19,386 vehicles in 2024. The imports, worth over $200 million, show strong demand across the continent. Ethiopia has been a key driver of this growth after banning new petrol and diesel car imports in 2024.
More than 115,000 electric vehicles are now on Ethiopian roads, making up about 8% of the country’s total vehicles. In 2025, Ethiopia accounted for about one-third of Africa’s EV imports from China, ahead of South Africa, Egypt, Morocco, and Nigeria.
Fuel shortages linked to global supply disruptions have affected transport and daily life in Ethiopia. The country spends about $4.2 billion each year on fuel imports and up to $128 million monthly on subsidies. Supply has dropped by over 180,000 metric tons due to shipping challenges through the Strait of Hormuz.
To reduce this pressure, the government is promoting electric vehicles as a long-term solution. Officials say this will help cut fuel imports and protect the economy from global oil price changes.
Ethiopia has a strong advantage because over 90% of its electricity comes from renewable sources such as hydropower and solar energy. The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam is expected to increase power supply further, supporting electric transport growth.
Experts say electric vehicles can lower costs over time. A private EV owner may spend about $4 per month on charging, compared to about $27 previously spent on fuel. Public transport operators can save even more.
Other African countries, including Egypt, South Africa, and Morocco, are also pushing electric vehicles through policy support and investment in clean energy.
Electric Vehicles in Africa Face Infrastructure and Cost Challenges
Despite the progress, electric vehicles in Africa still face major challenges. Charging stations are limited, especially outside major cities like Addis Ababa. Power supply can also be unreliable in some areas.
Ethiopia is working to expand its charging network, including fast-charging hubs, but nationwide coverage will take time and investment. Experts say delivering electricity to all regions remains a key challenge.
The country also plans to build a local EV industry. There are 17 assembly plants in development, with a goal of reaching 60 by 2030. This could help reduce costs in the future.
However, many people still cannot afford electric vehicles due to high purchase prices. At the same time, restrictions on petrol and diesel cars have increased the cost of used vehicles.
Experts warn that the transition must be gradual to avoid affecting people who depend on traditional vehicles for their income.
Still, the long-term outlook remains positive. Lower operating costs could reduce transport expenses, lower the cost of goods, and improve access to jobs and services. Ethiopia is also learning from countries like China and Norway, where strong policies have supported rapid EV growth.
